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Wild Life
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Legend
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National Parks |
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Sanctuaries |
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Sanctuaries |
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In-situ conservation areas
- National Parks and Sancturies
Madhya Pradesh is a
pioneer state in the national movement for conservation of flora and
fauna. Conservation oriented legal proviso were made in the erstwhile
Acts regulating hunting of game -birds and wild animals. In tune with
the national consciousness towards conservation of flora and fauna the
state government began setting up a network of in-situ conservation
areas (national parks and sanctuaries) under the provisions of the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. There are 9 National Parks and 25
Sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 sq. km constituting 11.40% of
the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state.
Efforts are under way to increase the Protected Area network to 15% of
the forest or 5% of the geographical area as suggested by State Wildlife
Board.
Government of India/WWF
launched “Project Tiger” in the year 1973. Kanha National Park
was one of the first nine Protected Areas selected under Project
Tiger in the country. At present, there are 5 Project Tiger
areas in the state namely – Kanha, Panna, Bandhavgarh, Pench and
Satpura. Madhya Pradesh is also known as the 'Tiger State' as it
harbors 19% of India's Tiger Population and 10% of the world's
tiger population.
Ex-Situ Conservation Area
Van Vihar
National Park, Bhopal is the only Ex-Situ conservation area that has
been given provisional recognition by the Central Zoo Authority (CZA).
Though, this area has been notified as a National Park in order to
provide adequate legal protection, it is being managed as a modern
zoological park. Here the captive wild animals have been kept in
near natural habitat setup.
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Wildlife Wing
The wildlife wing is headed by the Chief Wildlife Warden and Principal Chief
Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) to oversee implementation of policies and
programs for Wildlife conservation and management in the state.
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Objectives.
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To Conserve Wildlife and
biodiversity through a network of protected areas and ex-situ
conservation areas
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To take up special measures
for protection and conservation of highly endangered spp.
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To curb poaching and
illicit trade in wildlife and wildlife parts and articles
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Sustainable development of
forest fringe villages through participatory planning and implementation
of eco-development in and around Protected Areas
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To elicit public support for conservation of wildlife and wild habitats
through conservation awareness programmes and ecotourism.
- Strategy for Wildlife Conservation
Establishment of
a Protected Area Network
Conservation of wild
habitats and wildlife through establishment of a network of Protected
Areas representative of bio-geographical zones has been the prime strategy
of the government. Special efforts have been made towards conservation of
highly endangered spp.
1 Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Panna, and Satpura national park are managed
as project tiger areas.
2 Sardar pur sanctuary in Dhar and Sailana are managed for conservation of
kharmor or lesser florican.
3 Ghatigaon sanctuary is managed for great Indian bustard or Son Chiriya.
4 National Chambal sanctuary is managed for conservation of gharial and
mugger, River dolphin, smooth coated otter and a number of turtle species.
5 Ken -gharial and Son-gharial sanctuaries are managed for conservation of
gharial and mugger.
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Management Planning
For scientific management of PAs, Management
Plans have been prepared. In some areas, plans are under various
stages of completion or revision. The basic difference between
forest Working Plan and Protected Area Management in India lies in
their objectives. While working plan is based on the principle of
sustainable harvesting of forest resources and increasing
productivity of forests, a PA Management Plan includes
prescriptions for non-consumptive management of crucial habitat
units such as –Food, Water and Cover and aims at maintaining
diversity of species and habitats in order to maintain ecological
processes and functions Management Interventions
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Ameliorative and
Compensatory Management
Wildlife management includes both ameliorative and compensatory
management. Certain important aspects of wildlife management are:
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Improvement of
habitat that includes augmenting water sources, water regime
development, eradication of weeds, and development and
restoration of grasslands
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Development of
communication and protection infrastructure,
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Patrolling and
anti-poaching activities,
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Research and
monitoring,
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Mitigation of
man-animal conflicts,
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Innoculation of
domestic cattle in and around PAs against contagious
diseases.
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visitor-use
management (tourism) and interpretation.
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Maintenance of
roads, check-barriers, patrolling camps, buildings, watch
towers, wireless network, water sources, vehicles etc are
part of the day to day management activity.
Ecodevelopment
means 'development' that is ecologically, socially and
economically sustainable. It is initiated through site-specific
village level planning by villagers themselves to achieve sustainable
development of village resources, alternatives to fuel, fodder and
timber and schemes to provide job alternatives to individuals and
families in order to eradicate forest dependent livelihood patterns and
ensure people’s active participation in protection of PA resources. The
ecodevelopment activities are being executed through participatory
management since 1992-93.
Till 1995, only the central government has been funding the
ecodevelopment programmes in the villages around PAs. This programme was
strengthened by the international funding through the MP Forestry
Project ( a World Bank Aided project) and India Ecodevelopment Project
(a World Bank And Global Environmental Trust aided project). About 700
ecodevelopment committees have been constituted in and around protected
areas in M.P.At present ecodevelopment activities are being carried out
with 100%financial assistance from the central government under the
Project Tiger Scheme and Development of National Parks and Sanctuaries
Scheme.
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Voluntary Village Relocation Activity
In order to safeguard the precious gene pool of flora and fauna,
biotic interference from the existing village needs to be removed.
Village relocation from remote forest areas also benefits the
villagers as they get an opportunity to reap the benefits of
mainstream development at the relocation site.
Village relocation programme is being implemented in some PAs where
people have agreed for relocation to some suitable site outside the
PA. GoI is funding the Village Relocation Scheme. Respective
Collectors of the district are carrying out the settlement process
under the Wildlife (Protection Act) and the PA managers are doing
the relocation work. As a matter of policy, no forced relocation is
permitted. The whole process of relocation is totally participatory.
No village is to be relocated if the inhabitants are unwilling to
move. As per norms made by Government of India, an amount of Rs. 1
lakh is spent on the relocation of each family. Government of India
has been urged to revise the village relocation-funding norm from Rs
1 Lakh to at least Rs 2 lakh per family. The works include
development of land at the relocation site, development of potable
as well as irrigation water facility, roads and housing, pasture and
fuel-wood plantation, transportation of household goods to the site
of relocation etc.
Status of relocation of Villages from PAs
Protected Area
|
No. of Villages inside at the
beginning |
No. of Relocated Villages |
Relocation still in Progress |
Relocation
proposals submitted |
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Revenue |
Forest |
Panna
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16
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0
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3
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8
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2
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Madhav
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15
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0
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0
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1
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1
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Satpura
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38
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26
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0
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1
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12
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Bandhavgarh
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3
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3
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0
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0
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4
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Kanha
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0
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45
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27
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0
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1
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Kuno
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24
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0
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24
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12
(out of 24)
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0
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Pench |
0
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0
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2
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0
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0
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Sanjay |
18
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0
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1
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Compensation for
damage caused by wild animals
The
State Government provides compensation for the loss of human life by
wild animals except snake and monitor lizard (guhera). A
compensation of Rs 1,00,000 is paid to the successor of the deceased
person in addition to the expenses incurred on medical treatment, and on being injured by wild animals compensation up to Rs 20,000 is paid towards treatment. In case of permanent disability,
compensation up to Rs. 75,000 is paid to the injured person in addition to the expenses incurred on medical treatment. In case
of loss of domestic cattle, compensation is paid as per the Book of Revenue Circular. To
facilitate expeditious payment of compensation in case of loss of human life to people Range Officers
is authorized to investigate and make payment within a timeframe. Immediate relief in the form of an amount of Rs. 5,000 in case of human loss and Rs. 1,000 in case of an injury, will be provide to the aggrieved family or the person, as the case may be with in 48 hours after such information
is received in the office of Divisional Forest Officer or Range Officer. The amount of immediate
relief would be adjusted in the total amount to be paid to the aggrieved person of family.
In revenue areas within 5 Km periphery from the forest area, the compensation for crop damage by wild animals is
also paid as per the Book of Revenue Circular. The investigation and assessment of crop damage is done by the Revenue Department. The concerned Divisional Forest Officer makes the payment after he receives the order of payment of compensation from the Revenue Department. In case of
crop damage, the aggrieved person should inform the nearest revenue officer within 24 hours about the damage to the crop by wild animal.
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Monitoring -- Population Estimation of wild animals-
In all the National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries and also territorial
divisions, population estimation of major herbivorous and carnivorous wild
animals is done annually. As per the population estimates of 2003, there are
712 tigers and 1,090 Panthers in the State. The Forest Department
solicits the voluntary participation of college students and NGOs in training
and actual estimation work in the field.
Annual Tiger/Panther and Wild Animal Population Estimation Technical and
Administrative Manual, incorporating project tiger guidelines was issued by the
Chief Wild Life Warden of the state wherein the entire procedure and techniques
of wild animal population estimation are codified.
In 2005 the Central Government initiated Nationwide Population estimation
exercise based on an entirely new methodology developed by WII, Dehradun. The
exercise began in December2005 and a series of trainings were organised in all
the PAs and Forest Divisions of M.P followed by a massive data collection and
February 2006. The work related to compilation of data is complete and the data
have been sent to WII for analysis.
The
Deputy Conservators and Astt. Conservators are trained in Wildlife Management,
a 9 month PG Diploma course at Wildlife Institute of India(WII), Dehradun. The
WII organises a Certificate course for Range Officers. For training of Guards,
the Forest Department has established a Biodiversity Training Centre at
Bandhavgarh National Park. Since October, 1998 a new 6- month curriculum,
designed to impart competence based training, is being implemented.
Several short-term modules are also conducted for field personnel at various
levels of hierarchy. Motivational and skill trainings and study tours are
conducted by the PAs for members of EDCs.
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Advisory Bodies for Management and conservation
of Wildlife and Biodiversity
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State Board
for Wildlife
The
State Government has constituted the State Wildlife Advisory Board
renamed State Board for Wildlife as provided in Section-6 of the
Wildlife(Protection) amendment Act,2002. This is a statutory body under
Wildlife (protection) Act,1972. The Board meets twice yearly to advise
the State Government on wildlife conservation matters. The Hon'ble Chief
minister of Madhya Pradesh is the Chairperson of the Board and Hon'ble
Forest minister is the Vice Chairperson, the Chief Wildlife Warden, M.P.
is the member secretary.
Funding
Mechanism
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State
and Central Schemes
The GoI provides Central Assistance for wildlife habitat improvement, protection from fire and destruction, poaching control measures, and development of infrastructure such as roads and buildings and establishment of wireless network in all the 34 Protected Areas of the State under following schemes-
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S.No. |
Scheme |
Level of Assistance |
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1. |
Project Tiger |
100% assistance from GOI
For non recurring works and 50% for works of
recurring nature |
|
2. |
Development of Parks and Sanctuaries |
For non recurring works 100% assistance from GOI
and 50% for works of recurring nature only for national parks. |
|
3. |
Central Zoo Authority (for Van Vihar National Park
Captive-Animal Management). |
For non recurring works 100% assistance from GOI and 50% for works of recurring nature |
Two earlier Schemes – 'The
Ecodevelopment Shceme' and the 'Beneficiary oriented Tribal Development
schemes' for relocation of Villages have been merged with the Project
Tiger and Development of Parks and Sanctuaries Schemes since 1999.
Recurring annual expenditure and Establishment of all the PA's is met
from state budget under two head (1) Non-plan (2) Plan. Average
allotments under each head per annum have been 1200 lakhs and 1300 lakhs
respectively till 2002-03. Since 2003 the central government has
enhanced allocation under central schemes. At present the state receives
around Rs 1600-1700 lakhs as central assistance for protected areas.
Including the central assistance and non-plan allocation ( of which
around 60 % is spent on salaries) on an average, the Wildlife wing in
the State gets an allotment to the tune of 3400 lakhs per annum .This
leaves a deficit of Rs. 3300 lakhs per annum.
Externally aided projects
Completed
Projects
MP
Forestry Project
The World Bank aided MP Forestry project(1995-2000) had a strong component of biodiversity conservation. Under this component, 24 priority Protected Areas were selected for improving their management through scientific management plans, habitat improvement, staff training, provision of enhanced protection infrastructure, and research and monitoring. At present, there are
718 Eco-development Committees functioning in villages in and around Protected Areas.
- India Eco-development Project
The Global Environment Facility (Trust) and the World Bank fund
India Eco-development Project. This project has been initiated in 7 selected
Project Tiger areas in the country. Pench Project Tiger area in Seoni
district of M.P. is one of them. Improved PA management and Eco-development
in 99 villages within the buffer zone of the Tiger reserve are two major
objectives. The total outlay of this five year project is Rs. 25.45 crores.
The Central Government provided funds to the State Government under the 100%
Centrally Sponsored Scheme- Eco-development around Protected Areas. The
project was launched in 1996 and culminated in June2004.
Project under preparation
phase
Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Livelihood
Improvement Project
The Government of India has launched a project
with a Credit from International Development Association (IDA) and a Grant
from the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The project named –
"Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Livelihood Improvement Project" will be
implemented in 6 selected landscapes of the Country. One of the selected
landscapes is the – Satpura Landscape, which includes Satpura Tiger Reserve
and parts of adjoining territorial forest division of Hoshangabad, west
Chhindwara, and north Betul (Rampur Bhatodi forest managed by M.P. Forest
Corporation) in Madhya Pradesh. The total project area will be 2974.50 sq.
kms.
In December 2005, Government of India has
appointed a consultant to prepare a project document for this project. The
project document is under preparation.
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Initiatives
- Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project at Kuno-Palpur Sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh
The last of the Asiatic lions are now confined in a small sized
protected area, the Gir National Park in Gujarat. The concern towards rapid
decline in Asiatic lion population, largely attributed to the fragmentation
and destruction of its original extensive range of distribution through out
the Indian peninsula, led to a search of a second home for lions. The
Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun carried out a survey in 1993-94 and
finally recommended the Kuno - Palpur Sanctuary and its adjoining forests in
Sheopur district as the best suited second home for lions. It would be
interesting to note that the last lion in Central India was shot in a forest
belt near Kuno in 1873.
A lion reintroduction project is now on in the Kuno-Palpur sanctuary totally
supported by funds from the Central Government. The Project is for Twenty
years.
The work started in1996-97.The Government of India is funding
this project under three existing Centrally Sponsored Schemes- Development
of National Parks and Sanctuaries, Ecodevelopment around Protected Areas and
the Beneficiary Oriented Scheme for Tribal Development. All 24 villages have
been resettled at the relocation site. Relocation work is under progress.
The total number of families to be covered under the relocation plan is
1545.
Management actions for minimizing biotic
pressures, restoration of habitat, water conservation, enhancement of
prey-base and strict protection have already been initiated. The Wildlife
Institute of India, Dehradun has conducted the prey-base assessment in
January-February, 2005. The site is ready to receive the lions. The
Government of Madhya Pradesh has urged the Central Government to expedite
transfer of a pride of lions from Gujarat at the earliest.
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Establishment of
Development Fund
Government
of Madhya Pradesh passed an order in 1997 enabling all National Parks and
Sanctuaries to directly utilize the receipts from wildlife tourism for
development of the Protected Areas. Now, each PA has its own development fund,
which can be used for such development works for which funds are not readily
available under the normal budget, after getting necessary approval for
incurring designated expenditure from a State Level Committee;
- Establishment of a Wildlife Health Monitoring, Disease Diagnostic and Research Cell, Jabalpur.
To make a beginning towards creating a wild animal health care
facility, the MP Forest department has established a Wildlife Health
Monitoring, Disease Diagnostic and Research Cell at Veterinary College
Jabalpur in collaboration with the JNU Agriculture University. Equipments
worth Rs. 62 lakhs have been provided to this cell under the MP Forestry
Project. The objectives of the Cell are as follows:
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To evolve a state-wide scenario of diseases of
wildlife, particularly of highly endangered Sp. like tiger and hard-ground
barasingha.
v
To provide technical training to protected area
staff in various aspects of wildlife health monitoring and management
chemical restraint, autopsy, collection and presentation of body parts of
dead animals for lab analysis etc.
v
To provide disease diagnostic facilities and
services during emergency to PAs, including identification of dead animals
from body parts seized in poaching cases.
v
To create a database on various parameters
related to wild animal health that will help in assessing the health status
of wild animals based on hematological and biochemical studies.
v
To study the inter-relationship of wild and
domestic animal diseases to evolve strategy for prophylactic measures and
control methods.
v
To evolve a treatment plan for diseases of
endangered wild animals in ex-situ conservation areas.
v
To develop wildlife forensic facilities
- Conservation of Biodiversity in forests outside the PA
network
The biodiversity conservation concerns of the state cannot be fully
satisfied through managing the PAs only that cover about 11.40 percent of the
total forest area. The remaining 89% of the forest area is rich repository of
biodiversity and therefore biodiversity conservation concerns must be included
in the management of territorial forest areas. This led to addition of a chapter
on inclusion of biodiversity conservation principles in the management of
forests, to the book of guidelines for Working Plan Preparation. In 2006 the WII,
Dehradun has published latest guidelines for preparation of wildlife management
plans in managed forest areas; this book has been sent to all the field units.
Increased incidence of poaching of wild animals, especially of
highly endangered species like tiger, all over the country is attributed
mainly to the high value fetched by the skin, bones and other body parts of
these animals in the international market. International gangs of poacher
including the drug mafia are involved in the illicit trade in endangered
wildlife. As M.P. has 19% of India's and 10% of world's tiger population as
well as other vulnerable fauna and flora, the state has the accentuated
responsibility to provide the best protection to tigers. In order to carry out
this responsibility the Police and the Forest departments jointly constituted
a " Tiger Cell " in 1994. The major objectives of this Cell are
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to curb illicit
trade in endangered species with special emphasis on tiger.
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networking with
national and international agencies involved in eradication of
such illicit trade.
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prepare a
database of wildlife related crimes as well as criminals and using
it for apprehending and prosecuting offenders
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interact and
co-ordinate with the authorities in the abutting states in order
to evolve and follow a common strategy and also to seek their help
in intelligence gathering and arrest of fugitive offenders.
The joint efforts of the police and forest personnel have yielded
positive results. The Tiger Cell meets regularly to take account of the
progress as well as the shortcomings in its efforts.
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Establishment of Wildlife Intelligence Bureaus/ Anti-Poaching Squads
The rising international trade in Wildlife and Wildlife articles has
adversely impacted upon the fauna of the State. The involvement of drug
traffickers and other international racketeers has aggravated the situation.
In order to further strengthen the protection machinery, the State government
has now initiated the process of establishing Wildlife Anti-poaching Squads
(Intelligence Bureaus in 6 highly sensitive areas)-namely Bhopal, Jabalpur,
Satna, Itarsi, Sagar and Seoni. The mission of these bureaus is to collect and
collate the intelligence regarding the wildlife crime and to help the field
administration in preventing the wildlife offences from happening all
together. A detailed work plan enlisting the methodology and the role and the
responsibilities of the bureaus has been prepared. Assistant Conservators of
Forests, who will be heading these bureaus, have been posted at Jabalpur and
Itarsi. Strengthening of these intelligence bureaus will take place soon.
Establishment of these bureaus is helping the field staff in a greater way in
combating wildlife crime.
Madhya Pradesh, with the highest tiger population, has the national as well as global responsibility to save the tiger and its habitat. As this responsibility cannot be shouldered by the state alone, people from all walks of life must join hands to protect the tiger and its habitats for the long-term survival of human beings and other life-forms.
The Madhya Pradesh government has, therefore, pioneered a novel scheme to secure support and help from public and organizations outside the government through formation of an independent organization - ' Madhya Pradesh Tiger Foundation Society', registered on January 15, 1997. The society has obtained Foreign Currently Regulation Act(FCRA) clearance and is authorised to receive donation from outside the country.
The role and functions of the Society are:
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Provide protection to
threatened and endangered species (with added emphasis on tiger
conservation)
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Provide help to the State
Government and people in their effort to protect tiger habitats
against fragmentation and destruction.
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Provide support to the state
government to control poaching of wild animals
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To provide help in
controlling illicit trade in body parts of tigers and products made
out of body parts.
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To provide help in
protection of tiger habitats and prey-base of tiger.
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To make general public aware
of the need for conserving biodiversity and elicit their support for
conservation of biodiversity. To seek help of mass media in achieving
this objective.
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To reward those individuals
(including forest department personnel) and institutions,
organizations who have made special effort towards protection of
tiger.
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To strengthen infrastructure
required for protection of tigers in their habitats.
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To establish a data-bank
necessary for tiger conservation in the office of the Chief Wildlife
Warden, M.P. who is the secretary of this organization, and also to
help development of a network of such data-bank.
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To take other measures
through which conservation of tiger and other wildlife can be
strengthened.
Madhya Pradesh Tiger Foundation Society is a non-profit making organization working towards conservation of wildlife and their habitats (with special emphasis on tiger).
For details contact:
O/o Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) M. P.
Pragti Bhawan 3rd Floor, MP Nagar, Zone-I,
Bhopal-462001, INDIA
Tel: 0755-2674318 Fax: 2766315,
E-mail ID :
pccfwl@sancharnet.in
All monetary contributions must be sent through crossed cheques or
Demand Drafts drawn in favour of the Secretary, Madhya Pradesh Tiger
Foundations Society,
Bhopal,
India.
Till 31.3.2003, an amount of Rs. 26.21 lakhs was received as donation from
individuals and institutions. This amount has been disbursed for carrying
out specific works in various National Parks and Sanctuaries for which the
donation were received. The foundation has also received twelve Maruti
gypsy, 3 Bolero Campers, 1 Mahindra jeep,10 motor cycles and wireless
sets, field gear for staff, for use in various protected areas of the
state.
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Register as a Member
In April, 2001 the
Tiger Foundation Society has announced annual and life membership fees
for obtaining membership of the society. The annual membership fee is
Rs. 500 and life membership is Rs. 5,000. Any person, who desires to be
member of M.P. Tiger Foundation Society, is advised to contact the local
Conservator of Forests. Once a person becomes a member, he is provided
with an identity card. The private membership permits each member a free
visit to any of the protected area once in a year.
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How
You may contribute towards Wildlife Conservation.
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By becoming a member of the
Tiger Foundation Society.
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By informing the local
Wildlife Warden or the Chief Wildlife Warden about illegal activities
concerning wildlife including illicit trade in wildlife.
-
By joining the Tiger,
leopard population estimation programme (training and actual field
census)
-
By actively campaigning for
conservation of wildlife individually or as agroup through your Nature
Club.
For details contact:
Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife)
and
Chief Wildlife Warden
Madhya Pradesh
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